Atoms and nuclei Topics - IIT JEE Syllabus

1

Alpha-particle scattering experiment

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📌 Key FormulaRutherford's experiment, led to nuclear model.

2

Rutherford's model of atom

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📌 Key FormulaNucleus at center, electrons revolve, planetary model.

3

Bohr model

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📌 Key FormulaPostulates: stationary orbits, angular momentum quantization mvr = nh/2π, energy quantization E_n = -13.6/n² eV.

4

Energy levels

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📌 Key FormulaDiscrete energies of electron in atom.

5

Hydrogen spectrum

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📌 Key Formula1/λ = R(1/n_f² - 1/n_i²), R is Rydberg constant.

6

Composition and size of nucleus

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📌 Key FormulaNucleus contains protons and neutrons, radius R = R₀ A^(1/3).

7

Atomic masses

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📌 Key FormulaMass of atom in atomic mass units (u), 1u = 1.66 × 10⁻²⁷ kg.

8

Isotopes, isobars and isotones

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📌 Key FormulaIsotopes: same Z, different A. Isobars: same A. Isotones: same N.

9

Radioactivity- alpha. beta and gamma particles/rays and their properties

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📌 Key Formulaα: He nucleus, β: electron, γ: high energy photon.

10

Radioactive decay law

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📌 Key FormuladN/dt = -λN, N = N₀ e^{-λt}

11

Mass-energy relation

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📌 Key FormulaE = mc²

12

Mass defect

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📌 Key FormulaΔm = [Z m_p + (A-Z)m_n] - M_nucleus

13

Binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number

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📌 Key FormulaBE = Δm c², BE per nucleon = BE/A, peaks around Fe.

14

Nuclear fission and fusion

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📌 Key FormulaFission: heavy nucleus splits, Fusion: light nuclei combine, both release energy.