512 marks

Chemical bonding and molecular structure

This chapter deals with the different types of chemical bonds, molecular shapes, and bonding theories.

20 Topics

50h prep

4% subject weight

20 Topics

Kossel - Lewis approach to chemical bond formation

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaOctet rule, Lewis symbols.

The concept of ionic and covalent bonds

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaElectrovalent and covalent bonding.

Ionic Bonding- Formation of ionic bonds

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaBy transfer of electrons.

Ionic Bonding- Factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaIonization energy, electron affinity, lattice energy.

Ionic Bonding- Calculation of lattice enthalpy

2m3/10

📌 Key FormulaBorn-Haber cycle.

Covalent Bonding- Concept of electronegativity

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaPauling scale, trends.

Covalent Bonding- Fajan’s rule

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaCovalent character in ionic bonds depends on polarizing power and polarizability.

Covalent Bonding- dipole moment

2m2/10

📌 Key Formulaμ = q × d, polarity of molecules.

Covalent Bonding- Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR ) theory and shapes of simple molecules

Linear, angular, triangular, square planar, pyramidal, square pyramidal, trigonal bipyramidal, tetrahedral and octahedral

2m3/10

📌 Key FormulaPredicting shapes based on electron pairs.

Valence bond theory - its important features

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaOverlap of atomic orbitals, sigma and pi bonds.

The concept of hybridization involving s, p and d orbitals

2m3/10

📌 Key Formulasp, sp², sp³, dsp², sp³d, sp³d².

Molecular Orbital Theory and Its important features

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaLCAO, bonding and antibonding MOs.

Linear combination of atomic orbitals [LCAOs]

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaΨ_bonding = ψ_A + ψ_B, Ψ_antibonding = ψ_A - ψ_B

Types of molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding)

2m2/10

📌 Key Formulaσ, σ*, π, π*

Sigma and pi-bonds

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaEnd-on and sideways overlap.

Molecular orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules

2m3/10

📌 Key FormulaFor molecules like H₂, He₂, Li₂, Be₂, B₂, C₂, N₂, O₂, F₂, Ne₂.

The concept of bond order

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaBond order = (N_b - N_a)/2, stability and bond length.

Bond length and bond energy

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaInverse relationship.

Elementary idea of metallic bonding

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaElectron sea model.

Hydrogen bonding and its applications

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaIntermolecular bonding, effects on properties.

512 marks

Chemical bonding and molecular structure

This chapter deals with the different types of chemical bonds, molecular shapes, and bonding theories.

20 Topics

50h prep

4% subject weight

20 Topics

Kossel - Lewis approach to chemical bond formation

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaOctet rule, Lewis symbols.

The concept of ionic and covalent bonds

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaElectrovalent and covalent bonding.

Ionic Bonding- Formation of ionic bonds

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaBy transfer of electrons.

Ionic Bonding- Factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaIonization energy, electron affinity, lattice energy.

Ionic Bonding- Calculation of lattice enthalpy

2m3/10

📌 Key FormulaBorn-Haber cycle.

Covalent Bonding- Concept of electronegativity

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaPauling scale, trends.

Covalent Bonding- Fajan’s rule

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaCovalent character in ionic bonds depends on polarizing power and polarizability.

Covalent Bonding- dipole moment

2m2/10

📌 Key Formulaμ = q × d, polarity of molecules.

Covalent Bonding- Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR ) theory and shapes of simple molecules

Linear, angular, triangular, square planar, pyramidal, square pyramidal, trigonal bipyramidal, tetrahedral and octahedral

2m3/10

📌 Key FormulaPredicting shapes based on electron pairs.

Valence bond theory - its important features

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaOverlap of atomic orbitals, sigma and pi bonds.

The concept of hybridization involving s, p and d orbitals

2m3/10

📌 Key Formulasp, sp², sp³, dsp², sp³d, sp³d².

Molecular Orbital Theory and Its important features

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaLCAO, bonding and antibonding MOs.

Linear combination of atomic orbitals [LCAOs]

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaΨ_bonding = ψ_A + ψ_B, Ψ_antibonding = ψ_A - ψ_B

Types of molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding)

2m2/10

📌 Key Formulaσ, σ*, π, π*

Sigma and pi-bonds

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaEnd-on and sideways overlap.

Molecular orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules

2m3/10

📌 Key FormulaFor molecules like H₂, He₂, Li₂, Be₂, B₂, C₂, N₂, O₂, F₂, Ne₂.

The concept of bond order

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaBond order = (N_b - N_a)/2, stability and bond length.

Bond length and bond energy

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaInverse relationship.

Elementary idea of metallic bonding

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaElectron sea model.

Hydrogen bonding and its applications

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaIntermolecular bonding, effects on properties.